You don’t need a doctoral degree in finance to calculate your portfolio’s investment returns. A few principles are enough to turn even the most math-phobic people into shrewd investors. While basic ...

Required rate of return (RRR) gives investors a benchmark to determine the minimum acceptable return on an investment considering the risk involved. By calculating RRR, investors can assess whether an ...

Discover how the Investment Income Ratio evaluates insurance profitability through net income vs. premiums. Learn its benefits and calculation methods.

Every investment involves a possible gain and a possible loss. The risk/reward ratio compares how much you could lose to how much you could gain. Calculating this ratio may help you decide whether a ...